![]() In phonology, σ is used to represent syllables. The uppercase form of sigma (Σ) was re-borrowed into the Latin alphabet-more precisely, the International African Alphabet-to serve as the uppercase of modern esh (lowercase: ʃ). In Modern Greek, this sound is voiced to /z/ before /m/, /n/, /v/, /ð/ or /ɣ/. In both Ancient and Modern Greek, the sigma represents the voiceless alveolar fricative /s/. The lowercase (σ) & uppercase (Σ) sigma are used for: In Ὀδυσσεύς (Odysseus), for example, note the two lowercase sigmas (σ) in the center of the name and the word-final sigma (ς) at the end. When used at the end of a letter-case word (one that does not use all caps), the final form (ς) is used. In general mathematics, uppercase Σ is used as an operator for summation. In the system of Greek numerals, it has a value of 200. Sigma (Σ, σ) is the eighteenth letter of the Greek alphabet.
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